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Jesus Before the Gospels: How the Earliest Christians Remembered, Changed, and Invented Their Stories of the Savior, by Bart D. Ehrman
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The bestselling author of Misquoting Jesus, one of the most renowned and controversial Bible scholars in the world today examines oral tradition and its role in shaping the stories about Jesus we encounter in the New Testament—and ultimately in our understanding of Christianity.
Throughout much of human history, our most important stories were passed down orally—including the stories about Jesus before they became written down in the Gospels. In this fascinating and deeply researched work, leading Bible scholar Bart D. Erhman investigates the role oral history has played in the New Testament—how the telling of these stories not only spread Jesus’ message but helped shape it.
A master explainer of Christian history, texts, and traditions, Ehrman draws on a range of disciplines, including psychology and anthropology, to examine the role of memory in the creation of the Gospels. Explaining how oral tradition evolves based on the latest scientific research, he demonstrates how the act of telling and retelling impacts the story, the storyteller, and the listener—crucial insights that challenge our typical historical understanding of the silent period between when Jesus lived and died and when his stories began to be written down.
As he did in his previous books on religious scholarship, debates on New Testament authorship, and the existence of Jesus of Nazareth, Ehrman combines his deep knowledge and meticulous scholarship in a compelling and eye-opening narrative that will change the way we read and think about these sacred texts.
Product details
Paperback: 336 pages
Publisher: HarperOne; Reprint edition (February 28, 2017)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 006228522X
ISBN-13: 978-0062285225
Product Dimensions:
5.3 x 0.8 x 8 inches
Shipping Weight: 8.8 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.2 out of 5 stars
184 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#43,293 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
"Jesus Before the Gospels" may not be Bart Ehrman's best book so far, but it is certainly his most original. In his earlier works, he explained contradictions between - and within - 27 books of the New Testament by careful analysis of the textual sources from antiquity. In "Jesus Before the Gospels" Ehrman steps outside the 200 year old academic discipline of source criticism in which he perfected, and interpret Christianity's based on insights and research from psychology, ethnology, social anthropology and cultural history.Ehrman explains why the gospels are far from modern biographies which should not be taken as face value:"the disciples of Jesus did not actually write the Gospels. The disciples were lower-class, illiterate peasants who spoke Aramaic, Jesus’s own language. The Gospels, on the other hand, were written by highly educated Greek-speaking Christians forty to sixty-five years later. The stories had been in circulation for decades, not simply among disciples who allegedly memorized Jesus’s words and deeds, but also among all sorts of people, most of whom had never laid eyes on an eyewitness or even on anyone else who had. And so, just as there is no evidence that Jesus’s followers memorized his teachings, the idea that everyone throughout Christendom telling stories about Jesus had memorized them is beyond belief"But how can our modern knowledge on how stories change when they are retold for decades?"We know in fact that they were changed, because we can compare different accounts of the same words or activities of Jesus and find discrepancies. Yet other accounts are historically implausible, and so appear to have been created in the years of transmission as people recounted what they had heard about the life of their Savior." Ehrman cites many interesting interdisciplinary examples as well as classic studies from a broad range of fields in support for his view. Ehrman also tries to explain how social groups remember, as opposed to how individuals remember stories:"From that point on, as more members of a group recount this distorted memory, the other members of the group—even if they either distinctly think that the memory is wrong or don’t remember it — feel considerable social pressure to agree with everyone else."The early Christians "... told stories that remembered Jesus’s past in light of the community’s present. These may have been “distorted†memories in the sense that—for the form critics—they involved words and deeds that did not actually go back to the historical Jesus. But they were valuable memories nonetheless, and no less real to the people who held and shared them than recollections that actually were rooted in the life of the historical Jesus"When writing about a subject like New Testamant history, repetitions are unavoidable. If you have read Ehrman's earlier works, you will recognize more than half of the repeated from earlier works. (This is the reason I give it 4 not 5 stars). There may be decades between each time new and important written source may be discovered. Finding support from social science for writing about history gives new perspectives. Other fields of history has gained significantly from methods from social history, ever since historians of the "annales-school" started this movement of memory history more than fifty years ago.Of Ehrman's books my favouries are "How Jesus became god" and "The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings". The newest book "How Jesus Became God: The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee" is great, but not as excellent as these.
I am a veteran Presbyterian minister who was trained in liberal theology at the Louisville Presbyterian Seminary many decades ago. Since then I have read thousands of books on the Bible and theology. Among the most intriguing of those books are the tomes of Dr. Bart D. Ehrman.He attended Wheaton College. He later studied at Princeton Seminary and took advanced degrees. He is fluent in koine Greek in which the New Testament was written and has published several books on the Bible, its manuscript and how Jesus the Nazarene carpenter was deemed to be God at the Council of Nicea in 325. This new book takes a new twist as the author examines how people remember events and life experiences. He shows how distorted memories of Jesus became part of the Christian tradition and were included in the four gospel accounts in the New Testament. Ehrman is a brilliant scholar and his insights on the role of memories of Jesus in the early church are fascinating. I especially enjoyed his discussion of Apostolic fathers such as Tertullian, Papias and how they remembered Jesus. His discussions of the death and resurrection of Jesus are riveting. He writes in an understandable style and conveys information based on the latest in scholarship. Whether you agree with his views or not anyone seriously interested in intelligent historical examination of the biblical record will fine gold to mine in this scholar's fertile book!
Bart Ehrman is my favorite Biblical Scholar writer, and I've rated everything I've read from him at 5 stars. IMHO, Ehrman is the top, go - to guy in this area of historical Biblical writing. This book is the first one I've read on the subject of how Jesus was remembered, which is basically all we know about Jesus. How different people in different places at different times in different languages with different circumstances, etc. changed and shaped what what eventually was written is thoroughly explored. There is much emphasis about how memory is recalled, or rather constructed and how it can be miss - remembered or changed during the oral tradition over several generations. These differences and contradictions in all existing Gospels can be better understood. I found this book probably a bit more interesting to me personally for my understanding how the Bible Gospels were chosen and interpreted in different ways throughout history.
Ehrman is always interesting, well-researched, and thought provoking. This book examines the process of memory and how it likely affected the gospels. Namely that memory is seldom historically accurate and is subject to interpretation under the current conditions.It is a non-fiction work filled with references, and is meant to both teach and persuade. As with all such books, it can sometimes be repetitive. Nonetheless, this both well written and thought provoking. I recommend it.
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